Samuel puckering



{No.Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet; 1, S. DUGKERING. INCUBATOR Patented Nov.9,1897.

WITNESSES INVENTOR A TTOH/VEYI rm: npnnls PETERS to, PHOYUUTHQ.wAsHmcnou. n. c.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

S. DUCKERING.

INGUBATOR.

No. 593,203. Patented Nov. 9,1897.

WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT Prion,

SAMUEL DUCKERING, OF RAMSGATE, ENGLAND.

INCUBATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 598,203, dated November9, 1897.

Application filed October 9, 1896. Serial No. 608,356. (No model.)

To all whomit may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL DUCKERING, a subject of the Queen of England,and a resident of Northwood, Ramsgate, in the county of Kent, England,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Incubators, ofwhich the following is a specification, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming a part thereof, in which similar numeralsof reference indicate corresponding parts.

The object of this invention is to provide an improved incubator whichis simple in construction and operation and which is provided with anupper chamber, in which the birds are hatched, and with a lower pure-airchamber, in which they are afterward placed, and in which I employimproved means for supplying the proper degree of heat and for supplyingthe heated air with a proper degree of moisture or vapor; and with theseand other objects in view the invention consists in the construction,combination ,and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

The invention is fully disclosed in the following specification, ofwhich the accompanying drawings form a part, in which Figure 1 is aperspective view of my improved incubator; Fig. 2, a similar view of themain part thereof with the cover removed; Fig. 3, a transverse verticalsection on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4c, a similar section on theline at 4.; Fig. 5, a central vertical section of a heat-regulating boxwhich I employ; and Fig. 6 is a detail view of the construction which Iemploy, shown on a scale larger than in the other views.

In the practice of my invention I provide a box or casing 6, which maybe of any desired size and which is preferably rectangular in form andthe bottom of which is provided on all of its sides with two rows ofperforations 7 and 8, the lower row of perforations, which aredesignated by the 1Gf61G11C6-1ll1 meral 8, being preferably about twiceas great in diameter as those in the upper row, and the lower portion ofthe box or casing is also provided on two of its opposite sides with ahinged door 9, and placed transversely therein are trays 10, which arepreferably made removable and supported by strips or cleats 11, and thetrays 10 are also perforated or provided with suitable openings, asshown at 12, in order to permit of the free circulation of airtherethrough.

The upper portion of the box or casing is preferably larger than thelower portion, all of the side walls being projected, as shown at 13,and secured to the opposite sides thereof are cleats or strips lat,which support transverse strips or boards 15, to the under sides ofwhich are secured plates or boards 17, which support the mainheating-chamber 18, which is composed of metal plates or strips of sheetmetal and which is preferably rectangular in form, as clearly shown inFigs. 2, 3, and 4, and at each side of the main heating-chamber 18 andsupported by the plates or boards 17 are troughs 19, which are alsocomposed of metal and which are designed to receive water.

The top, bottom, and sides of the heatingchamber 18 may be connected tothe box 6 in any desired manner, and in the drawings I have shown thesame provided with end flanges 20, which abut against the correspondingsides or ends of the box or casing; but my invention is not limited tothe exact method of constructing the heating-chamber 18 or to the methodof connecting the sides, top, and bottom thereof, and in practice I formin the sides of said chamber semicircular holes 21, which are preferablyarranged about two inches apart, and each of which is also preferablyabout one-half an inch in diameter, and said holes are formed by cuttingsemicircular slots in the side walls of the heating-chamber and turningthe flaps thus formed outwardly, and the middle hole or opening isformed horizontally, as cleary shown in Fig. 2, and the others 011 eachside thereof are gradually turned until the last holes or openings oneach side of the heatin g-chamber are arranged vertically, as is alsoclearly shown in said figure, and the object of thus forming said holesor openings is to provide for the proper distribution of the heated air,and when said holes or openings are thus formed said heated air will bedriven outin cyclonic currents to all parts of the apparatus, and themethod of forming these holes or openings 21 is best shown in Fig. 6,which is a detail view of the construction which I employ on an enlargedscale, the semicircular wings 22 being not shown in the other views.

The box or casing 6 is supported. by ,legs 23, which may be of anydesired length, and I also provide a lamp or other heating device 24,which is placed beneath the box or casing at one end thereof, andextending upwardly through the end of the box or casing is a pipe 26,which is larger at its lower end than at its upper end and which passesinto the heating-chamber 18 at one end thereof, as shown at 26 in Figs.3 and 4, and the lamp or other heating device 24 is provided with ametallic tubular flue 27, which passes upwardly through the pipe 25 andinto the main heating-chamber. 18 and longitudinally therethrough andupwardly through the opposite end thereof, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The fine 27 is preferably of the same size throughout and about thediameter of the base of an ordinary lamp-chimney, and said flueconstitutes the chimney of the lampand is provided adjacent to the lampwith a side opening 28, which is provided with a transparent cover,whereby the flame of the lamp may be seen.

The pipe 26 constitutes a supplemental heating-chamber and acts inconnection with the main heating-chamber to properly heat the incubator,and the air which enters the main heating chamber passes upwardlythrough said pipe and the impure air from the upper part of theincubator passes downwardly through the perforated trays 10, on whichthe eggs are placed, and out through the upper row of openings 7, whileat the same time pure air passes in through the lower row of openings 8,thus keeping the interior of the apparatus properly supplied with pureair at all times.

The top or cover of the apparatus is preferably composed of two similarplates 29,

which are hinged to the central transverse plate 30, as shown in Figs.1, 2, and 3, and I also provide suitable latches or looks, as shown at31 in Fig. 1, and arranged centrally and longitudinally of thetransverse plate 30, which is firmly secured to the box or casing, is asmall door 32,which is hinged at one side, as shown at 33 in Fig. 3, andadapted to open inwardly and which is held in the closed po.- sition bya spring 34, and said door is provided with a depending arm 35, withwhich is connected a rod, cord, or similar device 36, one end of whichis connected with the long arm of a lever 37, which is pivotallysupported at 38, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, and the short arm of saidlever is connected with a screw or bolt 39, as shown in detail in Fig.5, and said screw or bolt 39 is pivotally connected with the centralportion of the corrugated head 40 of a circular receptacle 41, which issecured to one side of the box or easing, said receptacle beingpreferably charged with ether, and the end of the short arm of the lever37 is provided with a weight 42, which acts to keep said lever in itsproper relative position under normal conditions.

The operation of this part of the device will be readily understood whentaken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the followingstatement thereof. lVhen the temperature of the box or casing or, theupper portion thereof within which the eggs are placed reaches a certaindegree or becomes too great, the corrugated head 40 of the receptacle 41will be forced outwardly and the longer arm of the lever 37 will beforced in the direction of the side of the box or casing adjacentthereto and the door 32 will be opened and thus allow the escape of theheated air, and when the temperature within the box or casing has beenreduced to the required degree this operationwill be reversed and thespring 34 will close the door 32.

In practicethe trays 10 may be covered with any'suitable material, onwhich the eggs may be placed, but this material should be such as toallow for the free circulation of air therethrough, and the top or coveror the separate portions 29 thereof may also be provided on their innersides or surfaces with felt, paper, or other packing, as may also thesides of the box or casing, and especially the sides of the upperportion thereof or that part above the trays 10.

The upper portion of the box or casing, as shown in Fig. 1, is alsoprovided with a thermometer 43, which is set in a proper slot or openingmade in the box or casing and which is designed to register the exacttemperature within said box or casing at all times, and theheat-regulating apparatus of which the receptacle 41 forms a part is soconstructed that whenever the temperature rises above the necessarydegree of heat required the door 32 will be opened, as hereinbeforedescribed, and the heated air allowed to escape, while the pure air isadmitted through the bottom of the box or casing through the openings 8,as hereinbefore described. The troughs 19 are also kept filed withwater, and the heated air is, thus supplied with a proper degree ofmoisture at all times.

In the operation of the apparatus the birds when hatched are placed inthe chamber below the trays 10, the temperature of which is alsomaintained by the operation of the apparatus at the required degree.

The screw 39, which supports the lever 37 is provided with a head 45,which enters a correspondin g socket or cup 46, formed in the centralportion of the head 40 of the receptacle 41, and this arrangementpermits of the proper movement of the lever 37, and the pivotal supportof said lever at 38 is such as to hold .the screw 39 in connection withthe head 40 of the receptacle at all times, and by turning said screw bymeans of its milled head 47 the short arm of the lever may be adjustedtoward or from said receptacle and the position of the longer armthereof thus regulated.

M y improved incubator is perfectly adapted to accomplish the result forwhich it is intended, and it is evident that changes in andmodifications of the construction herein described may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention or sacrificing its advantages.

Having fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent-- i 1. An incubator constructed as herein described,and provided with a main transverse heating-chamber which is rectangularin crosssection and composed of sheet metal or similar material, theside walls of said heatingchamber being provided with semicircularopenings, part of which are arranged horizontally and others in aninclined and vertical position, and said openings being provided withwings or projecting blades of the same shape as said openings,substantially as shown and described.

2. An incubator having a casing, a perforated tray therein,aheating-chainber suitably supported above said tray, and being providedwith semicircular openings therein, said semicircular openings beingprovided with tongues which project outwardly, part of said openingsbeing formed horizontally,

part vertically and the rest at different angles thereto, a pipe inconnection with said heating-chamber, a flue passing therethrough, andalso through said chamber, and means for automatically equalizing thedegree of temperature in said casing, all of said parts being combinedsubstantially as described.

3. An incubator, having a casing, a perforated tray therein, aheating-chamber secured above said tray, means for passing heattherethrough, a door hinged to the top of said casing and adapted toopen inwardly, a spring operating on said door to keep the same closed,a depending arm on said door, a circular receptacle secured to one sideof said casing, a corrugated head secured therein, a lever pivotallysecured to said head, a weight on the under side of said lever and acord in connection with the upper end of said lever and said dependingarm, said parts being combined substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed myname, in presence of the subscribing witnesses, this 23d day of July,1896.

SAMUEL DUCKERING.

Witnesses:

GEORGE TAYLOR, GEORGE HENRY Downs.

